The range of ports from 0 to 1023 are reserved for specific protocols and applications that are widely used. These ports are known as ______.

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These ports are designated for widely used, standardized services. The range 0 to 1023 is reserved for well-known ports because they map to common protocols that clients and servers rely on everywhere, such as HTTP (80), HTTPS (443), SSH (22), and FTP (21). Because these services are foundational, operating systems treat these ports as privileged and expect them to be used by trusted, established services. This standardization lets software know exactly where to reach a service on a host without flexibility or negotiation. In contrast, dynamic or ephemeral ports are used temporarily for client connections, usually in higher ranges, and registered ports (1024–49151) are assigned to specific applications but aren’t universally standardized like the well-known set.