In link-state routing, how are topology changes propagated?

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Topology changes in a link-state routing network are propagated by flooding LSAs to all routers in the area. Each router advertises its link states, and those advertisements are flooded through every router so everyone receives the same set of topological information. Each router builds a link-state database from the received LSAs and runs the shortest-path first algorithm to calculate its routing table. This flooding ensures a consistent, up-to-date view of the network topology across all routers.